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A: NumberFormatException is an un-checked exception. That means that the compiler will not enforce that your application catches the exception and handle the case. For example, users may enter an invalid number at runtime and the application would throw an exception and crash.

For runtime exceptions it is important that your application handles the exception in the method in which they may occur. The callers of such methods cannot be expected to know that they would throw a runtime exception and so catch the exception. Your methods should include validation and handling for specific, anticipated runtime exceptions.

If you want to signal a problem that cannot be handled locally by your method, you should catch the runtime exception and throw a checked exception, as below. This is a typical case for creating your own checked exception type, though rather heavyweight for this simple example.

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